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Before latibulize the bear plucks for bedding miscellaneous wood rags and
moss. Roll up all this, and then, move by back, draw it at lair. Places a moss whence was torn off are well appreciable.
These places give away whereabouts of a lair. Sometimes the bear latibulize in so-called the
"verhovaya" (without) lair. The bear plucks a moss, ramifications and makes of them something similar to a
nest, and above itself put some the small firs. More often the beast latibulize under trunk of the fallen
tree torn up by the roots. Sometimes bear digs out an earthen lair. In mountain terrain the bears will make use
of caverns and cove in rocks.
The duration of hibernation of the bears depends on a geographical position of
terrain. In boreal regions the beasts latibulize at the end of October also quit from lairs only in the second half of
April or an breaking of May. On Caucasus per some years the bears are active within all winter.
The must for the bears happens in middle of a summer. The pregnancy for bitch
bear lasts seven months. At lair calve from one up to four, more often two bear-cubs. The bear-cubs calve blind, are
coated with thin wool, sole weight about half-kilogramme. In one month the bear-cubs begin to see clearly. But also
after within four months they feed milk of the mother and till two years do not part from it. Only for the fourth
year they reach a puberty. Lifetime of the bears 30-35 years.
The sizes of adult bears even living in one district, are very individual. The differences in the sizes depend on
conditions, in which the bears have lived the first years of the life. If she-bear will bring into the world two - three bear-cubs in poor harvest on
forages year, they for ever will stay shorty. If the bear-cubs in first summer, by losing the mother, will proceed to an independent living, they for ever will
stay shorty. If she-bear will bring into the world one bear-cub in good harvest of forages year, it will be quickly developed and will turn in a large animal.
Bear is a cautious animal. It seldom comes across on eyes
the man. Frequently it is possible to understand its presence only on pugs, which
it leaves very much, due to the size and weight. On soft ground,
is especial on wood roads after a rain, on oozy or sandy coast of reservoirs it
is easy to notice deep pugs claw five-finger pads of this predator.
The bear is referred to plantigrade animal. At walking it
stakes pad on all foot, which bottom surface being bare. On forward foot there are
five digital callositases and large transversal callositas. The pug back foot more
elongate. At sluggish movement of the bear on a pug back foot is visible a heel.
The claws of the beast very large (reach 8-10 centimeters in length on a
flexure). On forward foots the claws in 1,5 - two times is longer, than on back.
On the pugs forward foots it is possible to define the exemplary
sizes of an animal. At the bear-cubs half-year-old of age width of a pug
from 5 up to 7 centimeters. At the overwinter
bear-cubs one-and-a-half-year-old of age width of a trace of 8-10 centimeters.
At the four-years she-bear, which already can have cubs, - 11-12 centimeters.
At more adult animals width of a trace from 14 up to 17 centimeters. As a rule,
at male beast foot is larger, than at female. Separate full-grown males beast
leave pugs some more large sizes - in 20 and more than centimeters in width.
At walking toes foot of the bear are directed inside, and heels - outside
(the club-footed bear). If the animal went slowly, the pugs forward and back
foots are found abreast. If the bear went quickly, back foots overlay pugs
forward foots.
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